Apparatus for permanent waving and curling hair



, a. BLUM ET AL AIPARATUS FOR PERMANENT WAVING AND CURLING HAIR Filed April 1'7, 1924 2 Shiitl-Sh'il! .L

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B. BLUM ET AL APPARATUS FOR PERMANENT WAVING AND CURLING HAIR Nov. '10, 1925 r 1,560,894

Filed Apri1 17, 1924 2 sum-4h." 2

Patented Nov. 10, 1925.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

BENJAMIN BLUE, ALEXANDER COLE, AND EDWARD GOULSON, OF LOS ANGELES,

8 CALIFORNIA.

APPARATUS FOR PERMANENT WAVING AND CURLING HAIR.

Application filed April 17, 1924. Serial No. 707,115.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that we, BENJAMIN Bum, ALEXANDER Conn, and EDWARD COULSON,

. citizens of the United States, residing at Los Angeles', in the county of Los Angeles and State of California, have invented new and useful Improvements in Apparatus for Permanent Waving and Curling Hair, of which the following is a specification.

Our invention relates to apparatus for permanent waving and curllng hair and consists of the novel features herein shown,

described and claimed.

A leading object of our invention is to make an apparatus for treating hair and adapted to subject the hair to the action of steam.

Another object is to provide means for subjecting the hair to the action of steam in a chamber for the purpose of softening the hair and then subjecting the hair to the action of air for the purpose of drying and settin the hair.

Other objects and advantages will appear from the drawings and specification.

The drawings illustrate the construction and operation of the apparatus in accordance with the principles of our invention.

Figure 1 is a perspective of an apparatus for permanent waving and curling hair in operation in accordance with the principles of our invention.

Fig. 2 is a top plan View of one of the elements for receiving the hair, the view being taken looking in the direction indicated by the arrow 2 in Fig. 3.

Fig. 3 is a side elevation looking in the:

tion, parts being broken away and shown in sections.

Fig; 6 is a detail elevation of the cap shown disconnected in Eigfl. v v Fi 7 is an elarged sectionaldetail on the of 6, and showing, the cap 111 place-asm Fig. 5.

The details and operation of the appara tus for permanent waving and curling hair shown in the drawings are as follows:

Referring to Fig. 4:, a wisp of hair 1 may i upon a straight mandrel 4, the tips of the hair being secured to the mandrel by a tie 5. The mandrel 1 will in itself become heated by the steam-as hereinafter explained and transmit the heat to the coil of hair.

A plurality of treating elements 6 is employed, each element being adapted to re ceive and treat the curl 7, consisting of the wisp 1, wound upon the mandrel 1. The details of each element 6 are as follows:

A straight inner tube 8 connects the heads 9 and 10, an electric heating element 11 is mounted upon the tube 8 between the heads 9 and 10, a shell 12 covers the heating ele- -.ment, an eye 13 is fixed upon the shell 12,

a string 14 is connected to the eye 13, and

an electric cord 15 is connected to the heating element 11 and extends through an opening in the shell 12 adjacent to the eye 13. A tube 16 is rigidly mounted through the axial center of the head 9, a steam hose 17 is connected to the tube 16, a spider 18 is mounted upon an externally screw threaded nipple 19'w'hich latter is slidingly and rotatively mounted upon the tube 16 against the head 9, and has a knurled head 20 for operating the screw. A guide pin 21 is fixed in the head 9 and extends through a notch 22 in the spider-18 to hold the spider from rotating. Wires 23 and 24. are pivotally connected to the spider 18 by inturned ends 25 and 26 extending into openings formed diametrically opposite in the periphery of the spider, so that the wlres may swing downwardly as in Fig. 3 and upwardly as in Fig. 5.

The op osite end of the element 6 from the hose 17 is normally wide open to receive the curl 7, and the head 10 has a reduced portion 27 and a notch 28. When the curl 7 is inserted into the chamber 29 within the tube 8, the connected end of the curl is placed inthe notch 28. The cap -30 is adapted to fit upon the reduced portion 27 and has a notch 31 to register with the notch 28 and the ends of thewires 23 and 24 extend through ears 32 and 33 extending from the cap 30, and have heads 34: and 35 to hold the cap in place. upon the wires.

An annular gasket 36 s mounted 111 a rei and has a regulating valve 43.

. ply pipe 44 extends from the cess 37 formed from the inner face of the cap and fits inside of the opening through the reduced portion 27 and when the cap is applied the gasket presses against the hair in the notch 28 to hold the hair tightly compressed and prevent the escape of steam from the chamber 29.

The cap 30 is tightened or loosened by manipulating the knurled head 20.

The nipple 38 leads laterally through the wall of the head 10 at the opposite side from the notch 28 and a drain hose 39 is attached to the nipple.

Referring to Fig. 1, the steam boiler 40 and the compressed air tank 41 may be mounted in any suitable place. A steam supply pipe 42 extends from the boiler 40 lhe air supair tank 41 and has a regulating valve 45. A pressure gauge 46 is tapped into the steam line and a pressure gauge 47 is tapped into the air line. The steam pipe 42 and the air pipe 44 are connected to a T 48, and the feed pipe 49 extends upwardly from the T 48. A feed manifold 50 extends laterally from the upper end of the pipe 49, and a pressure gauge .51 is mounted in the feed line. A drainage manifold 52 is mounted upon the upper end of the drain pipe 53, the elements 6 are applied to the hair of the customer 54, and the steam hose 17 of each element is connected to the feed manifold 50 and the drain hose 39 of each element is connected to the drainage manifold 52. A supporting bracket 55 is connected to an adjustable sleeve 56 mounted upon the pipe 49 and held in place by a set screw 57, and the strings 14 of each element are tied to the bracket 55.

A branch electric line 58 runs from the main line 59 through a switch 60 and rheostat 61 to the bracket 55, and the cords 15 are connected as branches to this line 58.

In the practical operation when the steam boiler is in condition producing sufficient pressure upon the gauge 46, the valve 43 is opened and the steam circulates through the elements 6 and the steam and condensation passes to the drainage manifold 52 and to the pipe 53. The action of the steam upon the curls in the elements 6 will soften the hair and in time the hair will readjust its tension to the curled form. r the action'of the steam has continued for a sufficient time the valve 43 is closed and the valve 45 opened to pass air through the ele ments 6 and dry the hair and cause the hair to set in its curled form. When the conditions require it, the switch 60 may be closed and the rheostat 61 operated to send a mild current of electricity through each heatin element 11 to assist in drying the hair. Wg contemplate only a moderate use of the electric feature,

Heretofore It has. been the practice to some extent to place the curls of hair in a chamber surrounded by an electric heating element and bake the hair in the chamber for a considerable time, and we have found that this practice is objectionable for the reason that it kills the hair by removing the natural moisture and lubricants, and we have found by actual practice that a mild treatment with steam does not produce this objectionable result. The action of the steam will soften the hair, allowing the tension of the hair to be readjusted to the curled condition, and the action of the air will remove the surplus moisture and cause the hair to set in its new form.

The drawings and description are more or less diagrammatic and suggestive for the purpose of illustrating the system of using steam as a preliminary treatment in curling and waving hair.

Various changes may be made without departing from the spirit of our invention as claimed.

We claim:

1. An apparatus for permanent waving and curling of hair, comprising in combination a receptacle having an open end in which hair may be inserted for curling, a notch at one side of the end of the receptacle, a cap adapted to close the receptacle, an upstanding annular gasket on the cap adapted to engage the end of the receptacle on the inside and to form a substantially gas tightjoint at the notch and means to introduce a heating medium into the receptacle.

2. An apparatus for permanent waving and curling of hair as claimed in claim 1,

having wires connected to the cap and adand demonstratingjustably secured at the opposite end of the receptacle.

3. An apparatus for permanent waving and curling hair, comprising in combination a tubular receptacle having an open end, a notch at one side of the end through which hair may be inserted, a tube leading into the opposite end, an outlet tube said tubes being adapted to convey a heating or drying medium, a spider in operative connec tion with the tube on the end of the receptacle, a cap having an annular gasket extending upwardly on the inside of the receptacle and adapted to form a-clo'sure for the notch and wires connected from the spider to thecap.

4. An apparatus for permanent waving and curling hair as claimed in claim 3, having in addition a screw threaded nipple on the tube extending from the receptacle, and having a screw threaded connection with the spider, anda guide pin to retain the spider from rotation.

5. An apparatus for permanent wa and our hair com ms the combination with a steam bo' er 0 a valved feed pip-e, a distributing manifold mil-Elem to the feed pipe, hair treating elements connected to the manifold, a drainage manifold connected to the hair treating elements, the hair treating elements being adapted to receive wisps of hair shaped to the desired form and so that the steam will circulate through the hair treating elements in contact with the hair to soften the hair and adjust the tension of the hair to the desired forms.

6. An apparatus for permanent waving and curling hair comprising the combination with a steam boiler of a valved feed pipe, a distributing manifold connected to the feed pipe, hair treating elements connected to the manifold, a drainage manifold connected to the hair treating elements. the hair treating elements being adapted to receive wisps of hair shaped to the desired form and so that the steam will circulate through the hair treating elements in contact with the hair to soften the hair and adjust the tension of the hair to the desired forms, and means for drying the hair in the hair treating elements.

7. An apparatus for permanent waving and curling hair comprising the combination with a steam boiler of a valved feed pipe, a distributing manifold connected to the feed pipe, hair treating element-s connected to the manifold, a drainage manifold connected to the hair treating elements, the hair treating elements being adapted to receive wisps of hair shaped to the desired form and so that the steam will circulate through the hair treating elements in contact with the hair to soften the hair and adjust the tension of the hair to the desired tor1ns,'and means for circulating air through the hair treating elements.

In testimony whereof we have signed our names to this specification.

BENJAMIN BLUM. ALEXANDER COLE. EDWARD COULSON. 

